How is the nail fungus

Onychomycosis is a pathology that destroys nail plates.The fungus eats keratin - the base of nail construction.The infection falls into the intercellular space and begins its division.In advanced stages, pathology is able to affect the skin of the feet, the intersion, the jumps.

Causes of nail fungus

One infected with onychomycosis is quite easy.The infection can hide on the beach, in the public soul, pool.A high probability of capturing a fungus of infected relatives or acquaintances (using ordinary lives).

There are several main prerequisites that can cause the virus to enter the human body:

• A weak immune system - a decrease in protective forces due to infectious or inflammatory diseases;
• Vascular pathologies (vein block) violations of internal organ work (diabetes), which leads to problems with blood circulation at the lower ends;
• Small skin damage to the feet (abrasions, microcrack, callus, grains) that emerged as a result of the use of tight shoes;
• Ignore diaper rash and intensive perspiration from the lower extremities;
• Violation of caution measures - Try someone else's shoes, visiting public places without slippers and neglecting leg hygiene.

Nail fungus types

Onychomycosis can cause various types of fungi.Dermatophytes, for example, appear in the cloudy form of the nail.There is a formation of yellow spots along the edges or in the middle of the plate.In addition, longitudinal bands along the affected area can be observed.

The fungus of yeast causes the deformation of the nail plate.She is very sophisticated and begins to move away from her place, is gray.Metabolism in injured worse cells, the grooves appear in the roller of the nail.In addition, inflammation, edema and redness appear in the adjacent epidermis, the skin of the nail skin is observed.

Mold bacteria can impair nail plate if there are already diseases that cause nourishing nourishing disorders.In this case, there is also a cloudy of the plate, a change in its color (of light yellow and greenish to brown and even black).

To discover the cause and pathogen of negative changes on the skin and nails, you should contact a specialist.A determination regardless of the disease and its treatment without consulting a doctor may be full of consequences.

Disease stages

Nail ringworm affects healthy cells gradually.The disease has several stages of development, each of which has its own specific manifestations.

The first stage of (Normotorophithic) onychomycosis has no brilliant manifestations.In most cases, it continues hidden.The first signs - the nail disappears a little, its changes in color, microcrack and yellow spots are formed in the form of circles or longitudes, and tuberosity appears.A novice fungus can be accompanied by itching and burning.It is difficult to recognize the early stage infection correctly, as symptoms are similar to other diseases (psoriasis, liver pathology).

If the treatment does not start on time, the disease will go to the next hypertrophic stage.The nail becomes thick, dark.There is a deformation of the plate, its coronation and destruction.

The advanced form of nail disease manifests by a strong thinning of the nail plate, which leads to its additional rejection.The adjacent skin turns blue, an unpleasant smell appears.

Symptoms

Onychomycosis usually affects nails on the legs, the hands suffer less often.The disease begins with the thumb and a little finger (the outer edge is touched), gently affecting all the plates.

The main symptoms of onychomycosis will help determine fungal infection:

• the appearance of strips and stains of a whitish or greenish tone under nails;
• Cloudy of the plate, a change in its color (from yellow to dark brown);
• redness and peeling of the skin around the nail;
• the appearance of roughness in the feet and between the fingers;
• The formation of mold in nails.

Types of nail fungal diseases

Onychomycosis is usually classified by the appearance of affected areas.As the classification feature is how the nail fungus is, it differs in three species, depending on clinical manifestations:

• Atrophic, or wave - where the nail plate is significantly affected until the degree of nail bed rejection;
• The hypertrophic appearance, in which the one that has lost natural shine changes its color (Whitens or, inversely, darkens) and the (more tangible) structure with the appearance of various types of deformations and even destroys along the edges;
• Normotrophic - A type characterized by the lowest degree of damage, in which the nail plate does not thicken, remaining shiny and smooth, but still transforms externally due to the appearance of spots, bands and other visible changes in its transparency and natural color.

In foreign countries, there is another classification that nail fungus is divided into species, depending on the specific location of the lesion:

• total, in which the entire nail plate is covered by a pathogenic process;
• Distal - the shape of damage, locating only on the free edge of the nail that projects above the tip of the finger;
• proximal, in which the edge of the plate emerges under the nail roll is destroyed (in front of the free nail edge!);
• The lateral shape of damage, affecting the sides of the nail plate.

How is the pathology

The fungal diseases of nails among the population have external similarities with other dermatological diseases of black nature.Depending on the stage of the pathology, nails begin to seem harmful because they lose natural shine and transparency.Of the soft and uniforms, they are thick and deformed and are covered with various colors (usually white or dirty yellow).Soft tissues surrounding the layer of keratin destroyed by a parasite are also involved in inflammatory reactions, swollen and ulceration.

If we consider the image of nail plate destruction from the perspective of disease dynamics, it can be divided conditionally into three consecutive stages:

1. In the first stage, there are virtually no signs, except the darkness of light, points or stripes on the plate.
2. No so -called a pronounced stage, rapidly replacing the initial, all symptoms of onychomycosis become obvious.
3. The advanced stage is the final degeneration of the nail, can be complemented by the appearance of an unpleasant smell of decaying tissues.

The reasons for nail deformation

Mold fungi, type of yeast and dermatophytic fungi cause infectious nail diseases (onychomycosis), manifested by similar symptoms.All types of nail fungi on the legs or arms deform the nail plate, change their transparency, shine, color.Nail changes are found not only with onychomycosis, but also for injuries, chronic paronichia (nail roller inflammation), psoriasis, manual eczem, dermatitis.Before you make a conclusion about fungal infection, you need to consider all possible options.

Fungus symptoms

There are several nail fungus classifications, depending on the type and manifestation, they may have completely different signs and symptoms;Therefore, it is very important to determine (psoriasis, eczema, lost lichen and dermatophyte).Superficial onychomycosis in the fingers manifests almost immediately after infection, consider the symptoms and signs of the fungus in the nails of the legs and arms:

• Thickened plate;
• Fragile nails, brittle or torn not only near the edge but also throughout the surface;
• Distorted forms, scaly structure;

• The early stage is the loss of brightness and elasticity;
• If the nail is blackened (not in the expense in this case, when a person works regularly with color compositions or mechanical parts);
• Nails fall under the skin;
• Dysbacteriosis begins, possibly a general decline in immunity, strength, drowsiness;
• The itching between the fingers and the foot is especially pronounced in the child;
• Nail bed examination is a very common phenomenon and almost the last step before the full loss of nail, which is called Onycholisis.You may feel pain in your fingers and find a slightly unpleasant odor;
• The skin becomes dry, cracks, a rash appears, possibly even the appearance of blood or a soucon;
• A white or yellow mold circle under the nail, depending on the variety of fungi, can be bright, bland, with outlined edges and a muddy structure.

Before starting active actions, it is necessary to minimize the negative impact of the external environment, to eliminateThe reasons why the fungus appearedUnder the nails on the legs:

1. A warm, humid environment is ideal for the growth of various microorganisms, try to dry shoes all the time after walking, wear socks only of natural materials that provide normal heat and air exchange;
2. The fungus of the foot usually appears due to bad immunity, you can simply step on the floor with your barefoot and take the infection, take vitamins to avoid this;
3. The frequent extent of nails can become one of the causes of onychomycosis, limit the procedure of up to 1 session in six months;
4. The most complicated is the friendly - this is a fungus caused by active disputes.They penetrate the cavities between nails and fingers, can stay in a sleep stage for some time and then grow sharply.Most of the time, they are infected in places of public use (swimming pools, showers, solarium), during the operation of other people's shoes, etc.

Common types of stop ringworm

There are many ways to get an infection with a leg fungus, but it is possible only with direct contact with the pathogen.Most of the time, this happens during the use of other people's place or in violation of personal hygiene rules.The fungus of the skin on the legs usually manifests through the destruction of the dermis, which is reflected in the form of peeling.The epidermis lesions in this case are caused by the fact that the infection penetrates the deep layers of the skin, destroying its structure.

Modicine identifies the following options for feet fungal damage, each of which differs in its symptoms and treatment options:

• Intodalian ringworm is the most common form in the way the disease manifests itself.The symptom is usually located between 3 and 4 fingers, with less frequency between 4 and 5, looks like a crack covered with a white movie.It is possible to secrete a certain amount of fluid, peeling of the boundaries as well as the appearance of signs of rash.Signs of interdigital legs of the legs can be accompanied by weak itching.This leg fungus may initially occur without symptoms, but in the future there is a significant change in skin structure.

• The fungus of the scast hyperkeratic can be distinguished from other species by peeling and severe keratinization that affect the epidermis.It is characteristic of people who suffer from various types of dermatitis, especially atopic.This is another type of disease that can clearly be seen what the fungi are in the legs.The main symptom of the disease is the appearance of an erythema, a painful pink nodule, in an affected area that has clear limits.It is accompanied by weak itching, cracks on the feet, dryness, pain, yellow and damage to nail plates.Onychomycosis, usually following this type of fungus, leads to nail stratification;
• The vesicular fungus is one of the rarest types of infection that affects the skin of the legs.The disease is named for the formation of vesicles - bubbles with liquid content, where erosion is then formed, which is dangerous for the infection.The main signs that fungal vesiculosis differs: the appearance of bubbles with a diameter of up to 1 centimeter as well as weak itching;
• Fungus deleted.In the early stage, there is a slight peeling on the legs of the legs as well as the appearance of small cracks, affecting externally only the upper layer of the epidermis.
• The fungus is dyshydrotic, whose infection is found in medical practice only in 8% of mycose -infected patients.It is mainly located in the sole and safe of the foot, manifests itself in the form of bubbles, gradually merging into one, after which its gap followed by the formation of extensive erosion.The danger of such a fungus is the possibility of connecting a bacterial infection, since pathogenic microorganisms penetrate easily through the resulting wound;
• Intermitted ringworm occurs not only independently, but also as a sidewalk of a squamous form of the leg fungus.It manifests itself between the toes, characterized by severe itching and burning, diaper and the appearance of erosion;
• Onychomycosis is another common option of damage, which is a nail fungus on the legs.It usually develops from the free edge of the nail plate, the early stage is characterized by the appearance of yellow spots, after which the disease progresses with relaxation and the complete license of the nail.Often accompanies other forms of fungal lesions;
• The candidate fungus, also called yeast erosion, located in the interdigital space.In this case, the fungus in the legs looks like the concentration of inflamed swollen skin areas, which can be surrounded by small pustules.