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Onychomycosis or nail fungus at an advanced stage.Signs, types, treatment methods

According to medical statistics, onychomycosis or fungal damage is a very common nail disease, usually turning into an advanced form.

Nail Fungus - What is it?

Onychomycosis is the damage of fungi on the nail plate caused by various types of microorganisms, especially Dermatophytic fungi.Such pathogens can live and multiply in a favorable environment for them. The disease is contagiousFor this reason, for your treatment, dermatologists and specialists in infectious diseases are addressed.

Most of the time, the infection occurs in public baths, saunas, swimming pools.The development of fungal lesions can also be caused by nail plate injuries, state of secondary immunodeficiency and antibiotic disorders.

   In the early stages of disease development, the following symptoms occurs:

  • Almost imperceptible stains and strips on the nail plate (1 degree of damage);
  • Skin peeling and cracks in the fingers and interdigital zones;
  • The brightness of the nail is lost;
  • the color of the nail plate changes;
  • The nail surface is deformed.

Usually people do not pay attention to these signs. In the absence of treatment, the development of fungal injury occurs at the advanced stage, when microorganisms are introduced to the nail plate and lead their vital activity already under it.At this stage It is difficult to get rid of the diseasesince the nail becomes a kind of "shelter" of fungi of the effects of local medications.

Causes of the advanced stage of onicomycosis

The main reasons for the transition to the neglected form of nail fungus are:

  • Non -effective medicines -Generally the use of various antifungal varnishes and poorly active creams in the treatment of damage caused by fungal nails;
  • Premature treatment initiated;
  • Auto -Medication.

Fungi damage to nail plates is not as safe as it seems sometimes. The active development of microorganisms can imply its entry into the bloodstream and tissue of internal organsWhich affects the work of immunity.There is an increased risk of viral and infectious disease infection.

Also The relapse of the disease is possible.This happens when the patient was not fully treated, did not follow the recommendations of the doctor in full, with the development of microorganisms for drugs and ignoring patients of preventive measures.

What is the danger of a neglected way of nail fungus?

The development of nail fungus to a neglected form leads to consequences such as:

  • Immunity reduction;
  • Increase the risk of viral and infectious diseases;
  • the penetration of fungi in the blood and internal organs;
  • Dermatitis varieties, eczema;
  • Exacerbation of chronic diseases;
  • The risk of fungus transition to the skin;
  • The development of allergic reactions to toxins is the occurrence of asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis.

From the side Neurological disorders There are violations of the emotional context: The emergence of depression, neurosis, frequent irritability.

When detecting nail fungus It is important to perform proper treatment This pathology, compliance with daily hygiene, as well as prevention for all family members, since the disease is very contagious.

Hygienic procedures for fungal lesions involve the use of Nail baths with the addition of soda, vinegar, sea salt, potassium permanganate, herbal decoctions.It is also important to change socks, clean the legs and the area between the fingers after washing.

Fungi Types

The most common pathogens of onychomycosis are Dermatophytic mushrooms - About 86% of all cases.Much less often the disease can cause Hug and mushrooms.Nail plate injury can be observed, whose source is immediately 2 or 3 types of pathogens.

The most common onomitosis is caused by these varieties of microorganisms:

  • dermatophytes;
  • molds;
  • yeast mushrooms.

Nail penetration occurs more often through the side, damaged skin articulation and nail plate.These microorganisms are unable to face the body With reduced immunity. Dermatophytes cause a change in nail structure by forming cavities and channels in it.

Nail damage can be caused and moldbut rarely.When diagnosing the disease in this case It is possible to difficulty determine the pathogensince characteristic symptoms are usually absent.In this situation, it can only help Bacteriological analysis. Treatment of Onychomycosiscaused by mold mushrooms differs from nail damage treatment by other microorganisms.

Between yeast, the most often causes mushrooms Candidate.Within the norm, they are found on each person's skin and mucous membranes. Provocative factor For the development of nail damage, the fungi of yeast are also Weakening of immunity.Destruction of nail as a result of the activity of such microorganisms comes from its base, next to the cuticle.

Signs of advanced fungus

The following resources are characterized by the advanced form of the disease:

  1. Deforming nail plates with their thickening or thinning.The growth of the straightforward layer prevents the effect of a fungus of medicines.
  2. Relaxing, destruction of nail plates.
  3. Change the color of nail plates, which may be different: grayish yellow to brown and black.This is due to nail stratification, as fungi, dirt and dead skin scale penetrate it.
  4. In the area between the fingers, the skin turns red with signs of peeling, the presence of itching and pain.
  5. More than two nails are affected.
  6. The launch of the nail nail nail or its complete destruction.

Complications

Fungus from nail transition to a neglected form Dangerous The fact that the active development of these microorganisms leads to a large number of toxic products they produce.

As a result, serious somatic diseases can develop:

  • Toxicoderma;
  • toxic hepatopathy;
  • Layella Syndrome.

Also The disease is dangerous for thosethat in the absence of proper treatment or inadequate progression therapy, it can lead to The complete destruction of the nail plate.

Skin injury With a fungal infection are also frequent complication: Red rashes appear in the body, the patient feels burning and itching, after a while, areas that secrete the transparent fluid form at the site of the rash.

Majority unwanted complication The dissemination of fungal infection is In the internal organs, because with this development of the disease, the treatment will be severe and long.

Risk groups

The following groups of people are distinguished by the most likely to the development of damage caused by fungal nails:

  1. Elderly and advanced age.

Factors that cause the fungus of such people:

  • Skin changes associated with age;
  • Increased sweat;
  • the presence of concomitant diseases;
  • Take drugs weakening the body (antibiotics, corticosteroids);
  • hormonal violations;
  • Gastrointestinal disorders.
  1. Male faces, Especially military, athletes (Due to the use of long -term special shoes, changing rooms, a common soul).
  2. People who have Family member suffers from fungal defeat legs.
  3. Residents of the city (Put Reason to visit public places, such as pools, baths, saunas, gyms, manicure and pedicure halls with insufficient disinfection).

Drug varieties

The treatment of the fungus in an advanced way should be comprehensive.After examining and conducting the necessary tests, the doctor prescribes the following types of medicines:

  • System Action Medicines - fungus tablets taken inside;
  • Local preparations - ointments, varnishes and creams applied to the affected areas;
  • means for the general strengthening of the body and vitamins;
  • If there is need - Removing the nail plate (in particularly severe cases).

DRUG USE DESCRIPTION AND METHODS

A serious approach - The key to the successful fungus treatment advanced.Patients who regularly use medications prescribed by the doctor without using their use are the best results. With non -compliance with medical recommendations The fungus can be purchased resistance to medicines And you need to select new medicines, which will lead to additional difficulties.

General rules for the use of medicines:

  • varnishes, gels and ointments are applied only to and the dry surface of the nail plate;
  • All medicines for external application They are used regularly: Once or twice a day (accurate information can be read in instructions for the drug);
  • Before you register varnish or nail ointment, It is necessary to save it as much of the damaged fabric as possible and areas close to the nail plate;
  • The use of varnish - 2 times in 7 days;
  • Do not use pregnant women and children Local drugs prohibited by instructions, compressed drugs are prohibited for these patients;
  • apply Local nail drugs should be regularly throughout the year or more;
  • Take tablets only as prescribed by a doctor;
  • The application frequency compresses - One or several times a day for about 7 daysThen follow interrupt for a period of about 3 weeks (depending on the drug);
  • during treatment You can't drink alcohol;
  • Sometimes parallel use is necessary drugHarmful Liver impact.

Types of nail plate removal

Removing the affected nail plate Is performed if drug treatment does not bring results.This procedure is necessary for an opportunity to cultivate a new healthy nail.

The standard method of removing the affected nail plate is Surgical intervention Using anesthesia to avoid pain.In the process, both the whole nail and only its part, subject to the fungus, can be removed.

If desired Remove the nail without unnecessary discomfort You can choose to hardware pedicure.This method is performed under sterile conditions of a medical institution.It's inside affected nail layout With the help of various device and cutters.The procedure is absolutely performed painless With preliminary softening of the nail plate with special solutions.After removing the affected areas, ointment and dressing are applied to the treated area, fixed with a patch.

The nail plate can also be removed Chemical method - In the affected place is overlaid Patch keratolic And not removed within 2-3 days.During this period, the stratum layer of the nail plate is dissolved.

With a small area of fungal damage, it is possible House removal method.It will be necessary first nail steam And if necessary, use special varnishes to soften your surface.Then Using pedicure accessories The affected part of the nail is removed. The method is not suitable for complete removal Nail plate.

Removing the nail with a laser

Laser removal - The most used method in treatment running fungi nails.TO The advantages of the procedure are your pain And the ability to eliminate the focus of infection at any depth.

The advantages of this method are also:

  • Method security and accuracy - Laser removes only affected areas without falling into neighboring tissues and Wound in the nail bed area to eliminate the risk of infection;
  • Lack of pain, As the method refers to minimally invasive;
  • The short duration of the procedure - Removing a nail lasts only a few minutes;
  • High efficiency;
  • The relatively low cost of the procedure is your accessibility.

Against -indications To conduct the removal of the nail laser is the presence Diabetes mellitus uncomputed, malignant tumors, inflammatory processes and viral infections In the body.You cannot perform the procedure and with pregnancy.

The day before laser removal, the legs should be cooked steam.After bath with soda and domestic soap, it should archive and cut the nail surface as much as possible.

When removing the nail laser in a place affected by the fungus, the heat is felt.For a complete cure of a neglected form, there will be about 10 procedures.

The disadvantages of nail removal

Frequently, after removing the nail plate, undesirable consequences occur:

  • The cultivation of a new nail on the nail bed - a kind of "side effect";
  • possible wound infection after surgical removal (To avoid this, you must change the dressing in time and use multiple ointments with antimicrobial effects);
  • possible Deformation of the new nail plate.

In the case of a nail and wound infection, it is necessary to seek medical help.

Nail fungus during pregnancy

The main factors that cause onicomycosis during pregnancy:

  • Lack of trace elements - potassium, magnesium, phosphorus and others;
  • weakening of the immunological forces of the body;
  • Increased perspiration;
  • Blood circulation impaired in the feet;
  • diabetes.

For the fetus, the danger is in the possible manifestation of the disease at birth, as well as its transition to a chronic form.

Characteristics of fungus treatment during pregnancy

The difficulty of treatment Onychomycosis during pregnancy It consists of prohibiting most modern drugs. This measure is necessary to avoid damage to the fetus as these medications are toxic.It is better to get rid of the fungus after delivery.

In case of danger of fungal lesions, special symptomatic treatment is sometimes prescribed to the fetus.Most of the time, it consists of folkloric methods that can be easily performed at home.

Self -mourning during pregnancy is not allowed - Only an experienced doctor should compile a therapy scheme.

A common treatment for the treatment of fungus during pregnancy:

  • Softening the affected areas applying oil Vaseline before going to bed, the compress is left until the morning;
  • In the morning, they make a hot bath with the addition of soap and soda;
  • jump from the affected part of the nail and keratinized skin;
  • Apply local medications prescribed by the doctor.

The course of nail fungus treatment during pregnancy should not exceed 30 days.

Hydrogen peroxide against the fungus

Hydrogen peroxide for onychomycosis is used in complex therapy to disinfect the affected area and destroy microbes, The substance is not able to kill the fungus.This liquid is good for additionally to treat the damaged area.

The advantage of peroxide is that it can be used by pregnant women.

This tool is used as follows:

  • Make a bath with hot water and the addition of copper sulfate to cook damaged areas of nail plates;
  • Clean the skin dry;
  • Peroxide is abundantly moistened with a cotton pillow and applied to the injured nail and then fixed with a dressing;
  • After 40 minutes, the compress is removed, a softened keratinized layer is scraped from the illuminated nails and the local antifungal medicine prescribed by the doctor is applied.

Such procedures are done 2 times a day: in the morning and before bed.

Hydrogen peroxide can be used in another way.You will need 2 liters of water and 100 ml of hydrogen peroxide.Liquids are mixed and the feet are immersed in the resulting solution for half an hour.Then the legs are clean, the affected areas are cut, a therapeutic ointment is applied.

Nail fungus in children

Onychomycosis in children usually occurs due to weakening immunity. Another provocative factor is the insufficient thickness of the skin, which is why the risk of infection with a childhood fungus increases a lot.

In the treatment of nail fungus Children use local drugs: ointments, creams.They are used 1 or 2 times a day, the amount of use depends on the degree of damage.The specificities of these drugs are that they do not penetrate the blood and They do not harm the child's body.

As a system medicines, the doctor can prescribe medications in the form of capsules, tablets, syrups.It is also possible to the objective of intramuscular or intravenous injections.Treatment can be outpatient and stationary.

System Preparations have a negative effect on the kidney's kidneys and liverTherefore, they are prescribed extremely rarely when local medications are ineffective.

Home Remedies

In the treatment in an advanced way, the fungus can be The following folklore recipes are effective.Some of them:

  • Ointment at home: You will need 200 g of butter, a raw chicken egg along with a shell, 100 g of acetic acid (70%).The first two ingredients are mixed, the third is spilled without mixing, covered with a lid, placed in the refrigerator for 7 days.Once the egg bark is dissolved, the product is completely mixed. Keep refrigerated.
  • Calamus roots (15 g) 250 ml of boiling water are spilled, the infusion is aged for half an hour under a dense lid. Drink Medicine 60 ml 4 times a day. You can use baths with calamus.In 250 ml of boiling water, falls asleep 30 g of materials -let it be made for half an hour.In the 15 minutes of the resulting liquid, hold the nail plates affected by the fungus. After 7 procedures, they collapse. With parallel treatment, ointments against the fungus are possible for 1.5 months to get rid of the disease.
  • Take the ashes of 3 cigarettes, mix 0.5 teaspoons.Toothpaste with fluorine. Make compresses With this night medicine the next morning to wash.
  • Dye: The joints of the gold mustache plant (50 pcs.) Pour 500 ml of vodka, I insist 14 days.For treatment, take 3 parts of water and 1 part of the gold mustache tincture, mix and apply to the nails affected 2 times a day.
  • 15 g of Celandine, 30 g of lilac flowers, 45 g of chopped oak bark are mixed.The dry mixture is spilled with 500 ml of water, cooked for one hour. Compresses with this infusion are applied to damaged nail plates, Corrected with bandages.Treatment continues even a complete recovery.

All folk treatment methods should be used only after consulting a specialist after approval.

Prevention measures

To avoid re -infection with a fungus, the following recommendations should be followed:

  • carefully observe the rules of personal hygiene;
  • Perform daily disinfection of shoes with the help of special UV dryers to destroy the fungus;
  • Do not walk barefoot in public places (baths, saunas or pools), after visiting and water procedures, use ointments and antifungal creams;
  • Do not wear the shoes and socks of someone else.

A comprehensive approach to treatment as well as compliance with the above rules will contribute to the rapid healing and prevention of nail fungus.